by emilie.cremin@gmail.com | Aug 8, 2024 | Previous Events
Our Senior Research Associate Mr. Md Faisal Imran participated in a Two and a Half Day Regional Workshop and Field Excursion on “Relocation as a Disaster Risk Reduction Strategy in South Asia,” was organized by the University of Colombo, Sri Lanka, FSLGA, and Knowledge to Action (K2A). K2A is an initiative that provides a platform for academics, practitioners, and government officials to share knowledge and apply it for the greater good.
In this workshop, he critically analyzed the relocation process in Bangladesh as a disaster risk reduction strategy, with his presentation titled “Living Along the Coast of Bangladesh: A Floating Country with a Sinking Culture.” A total of 22 presentations were delivered by academicians, practitioners and govt employees where participants extensively discussed the merits and demerits of relocation.
Living along the coast of Bangladesh: A Floating Country with a Sinking Culture
Md Faisal Imran1, Samiya A Selim1 and Emilie Crémin2
1Center for Sustainable Development, University of Liberal Arts, Bangladesh
2Faculty of Geosciences and Environment, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
Abstract
Bangladesh is considered one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to climate change due to its low-lying topography and a geographical location susceptible to cyclones, floods, and tidal surges. Consequently, coastal and riverbank erosion has resulted in the displacement of many villages. These displacements contribute to population densification, social and economic vulnerability, and rapid urbanisation. After losing their farmlands and homes, people are forced to find new land, often settling along the embankments or on state-owned land along coasts and rivers. Given this general context, ENGAGE4SUNDARBANS project aims to understand plural accounts and interpretations of the Sundarbans’ ‘riskscape’, produced by state and non- governmental actors and diverse members of the local communities. It seeks to support situated adaptive practices that enhance social resilience through transdisciplinary engagement across the political boundaries of the Sundarbans.
In my presentation, I will first portray the tools and the methodology used by our transdisciplinary team to understand the ‘riskscape’ which includes archival research ethnography and GIS that show the process of ‘polderisation’ of the delta, embankment construction, coastal erosion, and embankment breaches, leading to loss of land and displacement of communities. I will briefly outline the resulting displacement patterns (Khas land occupation or rehabilitation in camps), reasons for displacement, and the number of displaced people in Bangladesh. Firstly, an overview of the living conditions of the people who found space on Khas land will be presented, along with the
Regional Workshop on Relocation as a Disaster Risk Reduction Strategy in South Asia 2024
constraints they faced while being entitled to land according to the ‘Khas Land Settlement Policy, 1997’. Secondly, the rehabilitation and resettlement programs implemented by the Bangladesh government in camps, to highlight the challenges faced by the inhabitants of the Guchogram/Climate Victims Rehabilitation Program/Ashrayan Project in different districts. In conclusion, I will critically analyse the terms used by the governments, media, and academia to describe the situation observed in the region of the Sundarbans: ‘Entitlement’, ‘Encroacher/s’, ‘Tenancy’, ‘Squatters’, ‘Common Property Resources (CPR)’, ‘Acquisition and Requisition’, ‘Immovable Property Rights’ under policies in Bangladesh. Finally, recommendations will be given on how these processes could be improved.
Keywords: Relocation, Resettlement, Riskscape, Relocation Policy
On the final day, Faisal visited Galle, Sri Lanka, to speak with families affected by the 2004 Tsunami and observe their relocation settlements. Through this workshop, he acquired valuable knowledge into how relocation can be a significant part of disaster risk reduction. It was an enriching experience that greatly enhanced his networking opportunities, facilitated discussions among peers, and inspired future research initiatives.
Gratitude to
#the University of Sri Lanka,
#FSLGA, and
#K2A for organizing this impactful event.
by emilie.cremin@gmail.com | May 13, 2024 | Uncategorized
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by emilie.cremin@gmail.com | May 13, 2024 | Resources, Uncategorized
Poster to present ENGAGE4Sundarbans
by emilie.cremin@gmail.com | May 8, 2024 | Previous Events
Poster for the Congress of Ethnobiology – May 2024
In May 2024, we are participating in the 18th International Society of Ethnobiology Congress (ISE Congress 2024) in Marrakech, Marroco, with the poster presented below.
The Congress is a great opportunity to meet with World experts in ethno-ecology, ethno-biology, and political and environmental sciences. The variety and variability of life known as biodiversity and the symbiosis of human activity and environment expressed in cultural landscapes nourish debates within international conventions ratified by hundreds of nations.
Our team has presented a poster on Inland fisheries agro-ecological knowledge in the coastal areas of the Sundarbans (India and Bangladesh), Emilie Cremin, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Switzerland.
Emilie CREMIN* 1 , Souradip Pathak2 , Faisal Imran Md3 , Jenia Mukherjee2 , Samiya Selim4 , Poulami Ghosh2 , René Véron1
1 University of Lausanne (UNIL)
2 Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur
3 University of Liberal Arts of Bangladesh (ULAB)
4 Sajida Foundation
Small-scale fishing practices including forest and inland fishing are found to be one of the dominant livelihood practices in Sundarbans. This small-scale fishing practice in the Sundarbans is exposed to various socio-ecological and political challenges before rapidly increasing climate change-induced risks and hazards. In the recent past, the Indian Sundarbans marked a gradual tendency among the small-scale fishing community to adopt inland fishing for generating livelihood as forest fishing entails manifold risks ranging from various stressors. However, the prevalent traditional practice of inland fishing in Sundarbans still lags in terms of scalability as it comes across various constraints. Moreover, reflections from the Indian Sundarbans reveal that in each of the laps, the current inland fishing practice is found to be vulnerable as it miserably fails to tap the local natural-ecological, socio-economic, and cultural knowledge base and other several technical know-how, and supportive interventions. The current study captures how the method of knowledge co-production could gain relevance in addressing the existing set of vulnerabilities toward coming up with a practice-based inland fishing design. Focusing on the case study of Kumirmari, one of the remotest islands from the Indian Sundarbans, the study explores how the (free) flow and exchange of knowledge toward the co-development of an inland fishing design could be potent enough to capture the best practices in inland fishing. Thus, this study presents how the method of knowledge coproduction through the transdisciplinary engagement of different stakeholders is imperative in translating g place-based, bottom-up agro-ecological knowledge base into an action-oriented inland fishing
design by tapping the nodes of challenges and opportunities.
Keywords: Coast, resilience, fisheries, coproduction
THEME4-#107-CREMIN-ISE-2024-Poster-ENGAGE4Sundarbans
by emilie.cremin@gmail.com | Mar 14, 2024 | Porjects, Uncategorized
MoU 2011 on Transboundary Sundarbans: action-oriented roadmap for ENGAGE
Overview: On September 6, 2011, a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between the governments of India and Bangladesh, countries that share the common social ecological landscape of the Sundarbans delta. The MoU was entrusted to the respective ministries of Environment, Forest and Climate Change in the two countries, calling for an adoption of joint management and common principles of conservation. To oversee the MoU’s implementation, a Joint Working Group was established. As a part of the consortium, the Bangladesh-India Sundarban Region Cooperation Initiative (BISRCI) was undertaken in June 2015, to implement a ‘knowledge-based advocacy’, facilitating and supporting effective bilateral cooperation in the region. BISRCI brought together research associations, civil society organizations, think tanks, key members of the strategic community from two countries in order to deliberate on enhancing further cooperation for formation of cross-sectoral platform that will provide actionable plans for management of the delta as well as boost bilateral coordination on Sundarbans.
SOR4D-ENGAGE, a transdisciplinary consortium of three country teams (India, Bangladesh and Switzerland), is motivated to conduct and pursue participatory action research in the transboundary delta with a shared set of objectives and motivation. The project brings together primarily social science researchers, practitioners and user groups, who have long-term experiences on working in delta. The exploratory as well as accommodative approach of the research allows it to deploy archival and ethnographic methods to meticulously explore, map and highlight the physical, political, ecological and social factors mutually operating and driving changes in the transboundary Sundarbans. Through the coupled methodology, a pluri-dimensional realities that have been felt with physical attributes, social demography (migration, assets, livelihoods, gender) and political economy (regulation acts, arrangements, apparatuses, conservation and impacts) in two sides of the common delta, will be sketched, compared and assessed.
ENGAGE acknowledges the MoU as a vital policy template that strategizes mainstream conservation and management of the Sundarbans. Here, we critically read and review MoU articles to understand their current status (from secondary literature) and map the impediments and imperatives to effectuate the provisions, induced by nuanced ‘grounded’ analytics and empirics towards crafting socially resilient trajectories in and for the transboundary delta.
[Note: There are eight articles in the MoU template and among them, three articles (II, III, V) are directly related to the vision and plans of ENGAGE]
|
Article II |
Both Parties, with a view to exploiting the potential of the Sundarbans for development and alleviation of poverty, agree to undertake, but not limited to, the following endeavours: a) consider and adopt appropriate joint management and joint monitoring of resources; b) explore the possibility of implementing conservation and protection efforts, encourage mangrove regeneration, habitat restoration and rehabilitation programs, which would eventually increase the potential for carbon sequestration; c) develop a long term strategy for creating ecotourism opportunities for both countries, which will create synergy and generate greater revenue.
|
| Specific provision |
Current status |
Envisioning ENGAGEment (SOR4D plans and visions) |
| Joint management and monitoring of resources
|
Fragmented, non-systematic and sporadic
|
Ø ENGAGE critically interrogates the mainstream conservation-management-monitoring framework and instead, conforms to the theoretical context of ‘social resilience’. |
| Habitat conservation, mangrove regeneration, habitat restoration and rehabilitation
|
Confined to the protection of designated species and spaces
Climate change impacts are not taken into account
|
Ø The ‘social resilience’ approach and agenda, undertaken by the project, advocates ‘staying’ in the delta pitted against technocratic managed retreat and rehabilitation plans.
Ø ENGAGE is anchored to compile and collate place-based, plural perspectives on climate change-induced risks and resilience to offer solution-oriented ‘pervasive and persuasive pathways’, activating an inclusive governance framework. |
| Ecotourism opportunities
|
Specific needs and priorities need to be identified |
Ø We envision participatory, community-agency based ‘eco-educational tourism’ to simultaneously ensure local socio-economic viability, knowledge exchange and augmentation of research practices (practical-empirical-implementation laboratory attracting field schools and propagating ideas on Environmental Humanities) in the site, rather than following a conventional path that is mostly attracted by business models of outside practitioners or organizations. |
|
Article III |
The Parties are in agreement that the Sundarban ecosystem is greatly influenced by human use and the human beings living around the Sundarban. The Parties will map and delineate these human settlements on respective sides so that a better understanding emerges of the relationship between human settlements and the ecosystems. The Parties will further develop a management plan that utilizes this information to address issues of livelihood, deprivation by flooding and other climate related disasters, man-animal conflict, pollution, resource depletion, etc. The Parties will through the management plan, also identify opportunities for livelihood generation that do not adversely affect the Sundarban ecosystem. |
| Specific provision |
Current status |
Envisioning ENGAGEment (SOR4D plans and visions) |
| Map and delineate human settlements on respective sides
|
Local-level management plans exist but, they are not transformational
|
Ø A detailed exploration and nuanced analyses of multiple interconnected risks, imbricated in the socio-cultural and political-ecological attributes of the region, will pave the way through which ‘situated adaptive practices’ could be collectively identified, mapped and classified.
Ø We would rather be emphasising (trans)local stories of transformation, facilitating knowledge sharing and actions, and envisioning systematic ‘scaling up’ and ‘scaling out’ approaches. |
|
Develop management plans for:
i. Livelihood improvement
ii. Disaster management |
Needs to promote the development of cooperation in fisheries, aquaculture and allied activities between the two countries
Disaster management plans do not include recovery |
Ø Co-identification and co-adoption of solution-focused pilot intervention plan for experimentation on small-scale inland fishing and integrated farming in the translocal project sites.
Ø The project’s impact on knowledge co-creation and livelihoods of stakeholders will be felt in forms of economic stability; socio-cultural belongingness and cohesion; gender empowerment, and improved ecosystem functioning through rejuvenatory practices.
Ø The project’s inclusive approach will allow it to create a comprehensive, practice-oriented knowledge base and facilitate policy outcomes (training guides, knowledge products, digital platforms hosted in policy network) on disaster risk mitigation mechanisms and climate-resilient, gender-neutral livelihood strategies. |
| Article V |
Both Parties will carry out research to develop a common and shared understanding of the impacts of climate change along with adaptation strategies that can be implemented. |
| Specific provision |
Current status |
Envisioning ENGAGEment (SOR4D plans and visions) |
| Develop a common and shared understanding of the impacts of climate change
|
Site-specific knowledge of climate change impacts exists |
Ø By engaging partnerships among and perceptions of multiple groups of actors (academia, development practitioners, policy makers and local communities) across transboundary, transdisciplinary and within translocal contexts, the ENGAGE platform will bring to the fore prominent drivers of climate change, its varied implications and adaptation ‘tactics’ by communities in the delta. |
| Design implementable adaptation strategies |
Small-scale projects have been undertaken without addressing ‘adaptation’
|
Ø The plural understandings of disaster-induced risks and co-mapping of livelihood as well as adaptive practices, will be mobilized, used and shared through local and regional platforms (workshops, seminars, visual presentation, interactions etc.).
|
